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Fisheries policy that is comprehensible and agreeable to fishers is a cornerstone of democratic and inclusive governance of living marine resources. However, policy designers struggle to systematically include diverse perspectives and they may not understand the breadth and depth of fishers’ knowledge about fisheries management and conservation. Failing to anticipate how reforms to management plans are received can spur policy rejection, distrust, and foster noncompliance. Knowing fishers’ knowledge of, inclination toward, and vulnerability to proposed changes can help fishery managers design and implement inclusive and forward-thinking fishery management plans. In a representative survey of Greenland’s inshore halibut fishers, we asked about current and proposed changes to the management of fisheries. From a response pool of experienced fishers, we found little to no knowledge about individual transferable quota programs, little to no inclination for or against these proposed changes, and a wide range of levels of vulnerability in the face of potentially curtailed access to fishery resources. Results suggest that fishers and fishery decision makers must increase the exchange of technical knowledge in understandable terms for Greenland’s fisheries policy to achieve sustainability outcomes and to secure small-scale fisheries livelihoods. We recommend that policy makers increase outreach efforts to show fishers “under the hood”, provide clear and accessible information, and seek suggestions and comments from fishers regarding proposed changes to the status quo. We further suggest that analysts conduct a transparent management strategy evaluation to model potential outcomes arising from any revised fishery management plan, fishing communities, and in turn, for Greenland’s entire small-scale fishing segment. 

Abstract. Direct observations of the size of the Greenland Ice Sheet during Quaternary interglaciations are sparse yet valuable for testing numerical models of ice-sheet history and sea level contribution. Recent measurements of cosmogenicnuclides in bedrock from beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet collected duringpast deep-drilling campaigns reveal that the ice sheet was significantlysmaller, and perhaps largely absent, sometime during the past 1.1 millionyears. These discoveries from decades-old basal samples motivate new,targeted sampling for cosmogenic-nuclide analysis beneath the ice sheet.Current drills available for retrieving bed material from the US IceDrilling Program require < 700 m ice thickness and a frozen bed,while quartz-bearing bedrock lithologies are required for measuring a largesuite of cosmogenic nuclides. We find that these and other requirementsyield only ∼ 3.4 % of the Greenland Ice Sheet bed as asuitable drilling target using presently available technology. Additionalfactors related to scientific questions of interest are the following: which areas of thepresent ice sheet are the most sensitive to warming, where would a retreating icesheet expose bare ground rather than leave a remnant ice cap, andwhich areas are most likely to remain frozen bedded throughout glacialcycles and thus best preserve cosmogenic nuclides? Here we identifylocations beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet that are best suited for potentialfuture drilling and analysis. These include sites bordering Inglefield Landin northwestern Greenland, near Victoria Fjord and Mylius-Erichsen Land innorthern Greenland, and inland from the alpine topography along the icemargin in eastern and northeastern Greenland. Results from cosmogenic-nuclide analysis in new sub-ice bedrock cores from these areas would help to constrain dimensions of the Greenland Ice Sheet in the past. 

The SUMup database is a compilation of surface mass balance (SMB), subsurface temperature and density measurements from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. This 2023 release contains 4 490 442 data points: 1 778 540 SMB measurements, 2 706 413 density measurements and 5 489 subsurface temperature measurements. This is respectively 1 477 132, 420 825 and 4 715 additional observations of SMB, density and temperature compared to the 2022 release. This new release provides not only snow accumulation on ice sheets, like its predecessors, but all types of SMB measurements, including from ablation areas. On the other hand, snow depth on sea ice is discontinued, but can still be found in the previous releases. The data files are provided in both CSV and NetCDF format and contain, for each measurement, the following metadata: latitude, longitude, elevation, timestamp, method, reference of the data source and, when applicable, the name of the measurement group it belongs to (core name for SMB, profile name for density, station name for temperature). Data users are encouraged to cite all the original data sources that are being used. Issues about this release as well as suggestions of datasets to be added in next releases can be done on a dedicated user forum: https://github.com/SUMup-database/SUMup-data-suggestion/issues. Example scripts to use the SUMup 2023 files are made available on our script repository: https://github.com/SUMup-database/SUMup-example-scripts. 

Abstract Climate change is altering the timing and duration of the vernal window, a period that marks the end of winter and the start of the growing season when rapid transitions in ecosystem energy, water, nutrient, and carbon dynamics take place. Research on this period typically captures only a portion of the ecosystem in transition and focuses largely on the dates by which the system wakes up. Previous work has not addressed lags between transitions that represent delays in energy, water, nutrient, and carbon flows. The objectives of this study were to establish the sequence of physical and biogeochemical transitions and lags during the vernal window period and to understand how climate change may alter them. We synthesized observations from a statewide sensor network in New Hampshire,USA, that concurrently monitored climate, snow, soils, and streams over a three‐year period and supplemented these observations with climate reanalysis data, snow data assimilation model output, and satellite spectral data. We found that some of the transitions that occurred within the vernal window were sequential, with air temperatures warming prior to snow melt, which preceded forest canopy closure. Other transitions were simultaneous with one another and had zero‐length lags, such as snowpack disappearance, rapid soil warming, and peak stream discharge. We modeled lags as a function of both winter coldness and snow depth, both of which are expected to decline with climate change. Warmer winters with less snow resulted in longer lags and a more protracted vernal window. This lengthening of individual lags and of the entire vernal window carries important consequences for the thermodynamics and biogeochemistry of ecosystems, both during the winter‐to‐spring transition and throughout the rest of the year.